Kwamfutocin Analog Masu Sake Kayyadadden Tsari: Tsarin Gina Kayansa da Aikace-aikace

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa da Bukatu

Kwamfutocin analog sun sake samun kulawa saboda yuwuwar su na saurin aiki da kuma ingantaccen amfani da makamashi wajen warware tsarin daidaitattun lissafin bambanci. Ba kamar kwamfutocin dijital waɗanda ke aiwatar da umarni a jere ba, kwamfutocin analog suna ƙirƙirar samfurin lantarki na matsaloli ta hanyar haɗin abubuwan lissafi waɗanda ke aiki a ci gaba da lokaci tare da cikakken aiki tare.

2. Kwamfutocin Analog Na Zamani Da Na Da

2.1 Kalubalen Shirye-shirye Na Tarihi

Kwamfutocin analog na gargajiya suna buƙatar haɗin hannu na ɗaruruwa zuwa dubban haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan lissafi da kuma saita na'urori masu daidaitaccen daidaito da hannu. Wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i ko ma kwanaki, yana mai da sauye-sauyen shirye-shirye yana da tsada kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci.

2.2 Haɗin CMOS Na Zamani

Fasahar CMOS ta zamani tana ba da damar haɗa ɗaruruwa ko dubban abubuwan lissafi a kan guntu ɗaya, yana ba wa kwamfutocin analog damar haɓaka zuwa girman da ba zai yiwu a da ba yayin da suke kiyaye lokutan mafita ba tare da la'akari da sarƙaƙƙiyar matsalar ba.

3. Tsarin Fasaha

3.1 Haɗin Abubuwan Lissafi

Kwamfutocin analog suna wakiltar shirye-shirye a matsayin zane mai jagora inda gefuna suke haɗin kai kuma maki sune abubuwan lissafi. Ainihin aikin $a(b+c)$ yana buƙatar abubuwan lissafi biyu kawai: mai ƙara ɗaya da mai ninka ɗaya, yana nuna ainihin aikin tare na tsarin analog.

3.2 Tushen Lissafi

Kwamfutocin analog sun fi kowa gwiwa wajen warware lissafin bambanci kamar haka:

$\frac{d^2x}{dt^2} + a\frac{dx}{dt} + bx = f(t)$

inda ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba ke wakiltar masu canji kuma abubuwan lissafi suna aiwatar da ayyukan lissafi a ainihin lokacin ba tare da matakan lokaci daban-daban ba.

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Bincike ya nuna cewa kwamfutocin analog suna cimma lokutan mafita na kullum don lissafin bambanci, yayin da kwamfutocin dijital ke nuna haɓakar sarƙaƙƙiya na $O(n^2)$ ko mafi muni. Kwatancen amfani da makamashi ya nuna tsarin analog yana amfani da wutar lantarki sau 10-100 ƙasa da na kwatankwacin ayyukan lissafi waɗanda suka haɗa da lissafi na ci gaba.

5. Aiwar Lissafi

Tsare-tsaren sarrafa kai na zamani suna amfani da harsunan saiti don bayyana saitunan kwamfutocin analog:

// Shirin analog don na'urar oscillator mai jituwa
system harmonic_oscillator {
  input: driving_force;
  output: position, velocity;
  
  integrator int1: input=acceleration, output=velocity;
  integrator int2: input=velocity, output=position;
  summer sum1: inputs=[-damping*velocity, -spring_constant*position, driving_force];
  coefficient damping: value=0.1;
  coefficient spring_constant: value=2.0;
}

6. Aikace-aikace da Jagorori Na Gaba

Kwamfutocin analog masu sake kayyadadden tsari suna nuna alƙawari a cikin:

• Tsarin sarrafa ainihin lokaci don motocin cin gashin kansu
• Hanzarta fahimtar cibiyar sadarwar jijiya
• Tsarin sarrafa kwamfutocin ƙididdiga
• Aikace-aikacen AI na gefe tare da matsananciyar ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki
• Lissafin kimiyya don lissafin bambanci na wani yanki

7. Nassoshi

1. Ulmann, B. (2023). Analog and Hybrid Computer Programming. Springer.
2. Bush, V. (1931). The Differential Analyzer. Journal of the Franklin Institute.
3. Mack, C. A. (2011). Fifty Years of Moore's Law. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing.
4. IEEE Spectrum. (2023). The Return of Analog Computing.
5. Nature Electronics. (2022). Analog AI systems for edge computing.

8. Bincike Mai Zurfi