Lissafi na Analog Mai Shirye-shirye-Fotonic: Tushe da Aikace-aikace

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Haɓaka aikin haɓaka mai nisa a cikin lantarki na dijital ta hanyar dokokin Moore da Dennard yana kaiwa ga iyakokin zahiri na asali. Na'urorin lantarki na dijital na yanzu suna fuskantar ƙayyadaddun iyaka wajen aiwatar da aikace-aikacen sarrafa bayanai masu yawa na analog na ainihi ciki har da hoton binciken likita, sarrafa mutum-mutumi, firikwensin nesa, da tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa.

Haɗakar Fotonic Mai Shirye-shirye (PIP) tana ba da dandalin fasaha mai ban sha'awa wanda zai iya ƙetare waɗannan iyakokin ta hanyar iyawar aikin analog na asali, babban bandeji, ƙaramin jinkiri, da daidaituwar CMOS.

2. Tushen Ka'idoji

2.1 Ka'idojin Lissafi na Analog

Lissafi na Analog Mai Shirye-shirye-Fotonic (APC) yana wakiltar sabuwar ka'idar lissafi da aka tsara musamman don amfani da ƙwarewar musamman na kayan aikin fotonic mai shirye-shirye. Ba kamar lissafin dijital da ya dogara da aljabar Boolean ba, APC yana aiki kai tsaye akan siginar analog ta amfani da sauye-sauye na layi.

2.2 Kayan Aikin Fotonic Mai Shirye-shirye

Na'urorin sarrafa fotonic mai shirye-shirye sun ƙunshi raga-gidajen raga masu sake fasalin da za su iya aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban na lissafi ta hanyar tsangwama da daidaitawar gani. Manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa sun haɗa da:

• Masu tsangwama na Mach-Zehnder don sarrafa siginar
• Masu canza lokaci don sake fasalin
• Masu ƙara ƙarfin gani don ingantaccen siginar
• Masu gano hoto don canza fitarwa

3. Aiwatar da Fasaha

3.1 Tsarin Lissafi

Babban aikin lissafi a cikin APC shine ninka matrix, wanda za'a iya aiwatar da shi ta zahiri ta amfani da ka'idojin tsangwama na gani. Za a iya bayyana aikin asali kamar haka:

$y = Mx$

inda $x$ shine vector shigarwa, $M$ shine matrix canjin da aka aiwatar ta da'irar hoto, kuma $y$ shine vector fitarwa. Abubuwan matrix sun dace da haɗin gwiwar rarraba hadaddun tsakanin tashoshin shigarwa da fitarwa.

3.2 Ƙirar Gine-gine

Ginin APC da aka tsara yana amfani da raga na masu raba haske masu daidaitawa da masu canza lokaci waɗanda za'a iya shirya su don aiwatar da sauye-sauye daban-daban na layi. Tsarin yana goyan baya:

• Sarrafa rafukan bayanai masu yawa a lokaci guda
• Sake fasali na ainihi don lissafi mai daidaitawa
• Ayyukan analog masu ƙaramin jinkiri
• Sarrafa bayanai mai babban bandeji

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Binciken ya nuna manyan fa'idodin aikin APC akan hanyoyin dijital na gargajiya:

Hoto na 1 a cikin takarda yana kwatanta kwatancen aikin aiki tsakanin lantarki na dijital da APC, yana nuna fa'idodi bayyananne don aikace-aikacen sarrafa bayanai masu yawa na analog.

5. Aiwatar da Lambar

A ƙasa akwai misalin lambar ƙarya da ke nuna mu'amalar shirye-shirye don tsarin APC:

// Fara na'urar sarrafa APC
apc_processor = initialize_APC(num_inputs=64, num_outputs=64)

// Ayyana matrix canji
M = generate_transformation_matrix(operation='fourier_transform')

// Shirya da'irar hoto
program_circuit(apc_processor, M)

// Sarrafa bayanan shigarwa
input_signal = load_analog_data('sensor_input.wav')
output_signal = process(apc_processor, input_signal)

// Sake fasali na ainihi
if (adaptive_mode):
    M_updated = adapt_matrix(M, feedback_signal)
    reprogram_circuit(apc_processor, M_updated)

6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba

Fasahar APC tana ba da damar yawancin aikace-aikace masu ci gaba:

• Hoton Likita na Ainihi: Sarrafa bayanan binciken MRI da CT nan take
• Tsare-tsare Masu Cin Gashin Kansu: Haɗa firikwensin ƙaramin jinkiri don motocin tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa
• Sadarwar Maras Waya: Sarrafa siginar mai sauri don cibiyoyin sadarwa na 6G
• Mu'amalar Lissafi na Quantum: Tsare-tsaren sarrafawa don na'urorin sarrafa quantum
• AI na Gefe: Ƙididdigar hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi masu ingantaccen makamashi

Bincike na Kwararre: Ƙima Mai Muhimmancin Matakai Hudu

Yin Magana Kai Tsaye

Wannan takarda ba wani shawara kawai ba ce na lissafin hoto - kalubale ce ta asali ga ginin von Neumann da kanta. Marubutan a zahiri suna jayayya cewa mun kasance muna tilasta matsalolin analog cikin mafita na dijital shekaru da yawa, kuma hukunce-hukuncen aikin suna zama maras jurewa. Hanyarsu ta APC tana wakiltar sauyin yanayi daidai da ƙaura daga bututun ƙura zuwa transistors.

Sarkar Ma'ana

Hujjar tana bin ci gaba mai ƙarfi na ma'ana: Haɓakar dijital ya kai ga iyakokin zahiri na asali → Hanyoyin analog na yanzu (quantum/neuromorphic) ba a tsara su don kayan aikin hoto ba → Don haka, muna buƙatar sabuwar ka'idar lissafi musamman don fotonic mai shirye-shirye → APC tana ba da wannan tushe yayin da ba ta da alaƙa da fasaha. Wannan sarkar tana riƙe ƙarƙashin bincike, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da raguwar gudun Doka ta Moore, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da shi ta wallafe-wallafen IEEE da Nature Electronics na baya-bayan nan.

Kyawawan abubuwa da Rashi

Kyawawan abubuwa: Yanayin rashin alaƙa da fasaha yana da kyau - wannan zai iya aiki a cikin hoto, lantarki, ko ma sautunan murya. Mayar da hankali kan ayyukan matrix yana niyya daidai inda lantarki na dijital suka fi fuskantar wahala. Daidaituwar CMOS fasaha ce mai amfani.

Rashi: Takardar tana da haske akan binciken kuskure - tsarin analog sanannen sanannen su ne ga amo da bambance-bambancen masana'antu. Haka nan kuma ana tattaunawa kaɗan kan yanayin software da ake buƙata. Kamar yawancin shawarwarin lissafin hoto, yana ɗaukar cikakkiyar layi wanda ke da ƙalubale don kiyayewa a cikin yanayin duniya na gaske.

Abubuwan Aiki

Ga kamfanonin kayan aiki: Saka hannun jari a cikin iyawar ƙirƙirar fotonic mai shirye-shirye yanzu. Ga masu haɓaka software: Fara tunanin ƙira algorithm don na'urorin sarrafa hoto na analog. Ga masu saka hannun jari: Wannan yana wakiltar yuwuwar hanyar rushewa - kula da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka mafita na haɗakar hoto. Lokacin yana da mahimmanci yayin da muke gabatowa ƙarshen sikelin al'ada.

Bincike na Asali

Tsarin Lissafi na Analog Mai Shirye-shirye-Fotonic yana wakiltar babban tashi daga tsarin lissafi na al'ada. Duk da cewa lantarki na dijital ya mamaye lissafi shekaru da yawa, iyakokin zahiri da marubutan suka bayyana sun yi daidai da rahotanni na baya-bayan nan daga IEEE da masu nazarin masana'antar semiconductor. Tsarin Tafarki na Duniya don Na'urori da Tsare-tsare (IRDS) bugu na 2022 ya yi haske musamman kan buƙatar fasahohin bayan-CMOS, kuma APC ta bayyana a matsayin da ta dace don magance wannan gibi.

Abin da ya sa APC ya zama mai jan hankali musamman shine mayar da hankalinsa kan ingantaccen lissafi maimakon kawai haɓaka kayan aiki. Ba kamar hanyoyin da kawai suke tura algorithms na dijital zuwa kayan aiki masu sauri ba, APC tana sake tunanin ainihin samfurin lissafi. Wannan ya yi daidai da yanayin na'urori na musamman, kama da yadda TPUs na Google suka kawo juyin juya hali ga sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa ta jijiyoyi ta hanyar ƙirƙira kayan aiki musamman don ninka matrix.

Mahimmanci na takarda akan ayyukan matrix yana da ƙarfi. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin Bita na MIT na yanayin lissafi, ninka matrix ya mamaye ayyukan lissafi na zamani, musamman a cikin AI da sarrafa siginar. Aiwar APC ta zahiri na sauye-sauye na layi ta hanyar tsangwama na gani yana ba da fa'idodin ka'idoji waɗanda za su iya fassara zuwa oda-magnitude ingantaccen makamashi don takamaiman aikace-aikace.

Duk da haka, nasarar APC za ta dogara ne akan cin nasara akan ƙalubalolin gargajiya a cikin lissafin analog, musamman game da daidaito, jurewar amo, da shirye-shirye. Ci gaban baya-bayan nan a cikin da'irorin haɗakar hoto, kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin Nature Photonics, yana nuna cewa waɗannan ƙalubalolin suna zama masu sauƙi. Bangaren shirye-shirye yana da mahimmanci - ba kamar na'urorin lissafi na analog na ayyuka na yau da kullun ba, sake fasalin APC yana sa ya dace da ayyuka daban-daban na lissafi na zamani.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin bayan-CMOS kamar lissafin quantum ko tsarin neuromorphic, APC tana ba da hanya mafi kusa zuwa aiwatarwa mai amfani. Duk da yake na'urorin lissafi na quantum suna fuskantar ƙalubalolin rushewa kuma tsarin neuromorphic suna gwagwarmaya da taswirar algorithm, APC yana gina akan ka'idojin gani na layi da aka fahimta sosai. Wannan zai iya ba da damar amfani da sauri a cikin aikace-aikace na musamman inda yanayinsa na analog ke ba da fa'ida ta asali.

7. Nassoshi

1. Moore, G. E. (1965). Cramming more components onto integrated circuits. Electronics, 38(8).
2. Dennard, R. H., et al. (1974). Design of ion-implanted MOSFET's with very small physical dimensions. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.
3. International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS). (2022). IEEE.
4. Miller, D. A. B. (2017). Attojoule optoelectronics for low-energy information processing and communications. Journal of Lightwave Technology.
5. Shen, Y., et al. (2017). Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits. Nature Photonics.
6. IEEE Spectrum. (2023). The Future of Computing: Beyond Moore's Law.